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借助謂語動詞表達虛擬意義

來源:用戶上傳      作者:

  【課題】本文系“甘肅省教育科學‘十三五’規劃2018年度《干預謂語動詞量的方法在英語構句中的價值研究》課題”的階段性成果(課題批準號GS【2018】GHB1170)。
  【中圖分類號】G633.41 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-3089(2019)22-0089-02
 ?、?含有條件狀語從句的復合句(以do為例;S=主語)
  注意事項:
  1.倒裝句
  如果條件句中含有功能詞had,should,were時,可以省去if,把功能詞提前,構成倒裝句。
  2.錯綜條件句
  若條件句和主句動作不存在同一個時間,則謂語形式應根據具體情況而定。
  3.If there weren’t/had not been +…=without…
  4.If it were not for…/If it hadn’t been for…= but for…
  5.otherwise+虛擬語氣的句子
  6.虛擬語氣的句子,but+陳述事實的句子
 ?、?虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中
  1.wish+thatsb. did …(希望現在用過去式) sb. had done…(希望過去用過去完成式)sb. would/should do(希望將來用過去將來)
  2.would rather后的從句要用虛擬語氣
  例:I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. (虛擬過去)
   I’d rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. (虛擬將來)
  I’d rather you posted the letter right away.  (虛擬現在)
  3.suggest+(that)S+should+do…
  表示愿望、建議、請求等主觀意向的動詞之后的賓語從句,謂語用should +動詞原形,should常常省略。
  這類詞有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested, require等。
  注意:
 ?。?)suggest 當“建議”講時,其賓語從句用虛擬語氣;當“暗示、表明”時,用陳述語氣。
 ?。?)insist 當堅持“看法或建議”時,賓語從句用虛擬語氣;當堅持“某個事實”時,用陳述語氣。
  判斷改錯:
  (錯)Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
 ?。▽Γ℡our pale face suggests that you are ill.
 ?。ㄥe) I insisted that you (should) be wrong.
  (對) I insisted that you were wrong.
 ?、?虛擬語氣用在主語從句中
  It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…等結構的主語從句,謂語動詞用should 加動詞原形,should 可省略。
 ?、?虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中
  某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣,其表達形式為(should)+動詞原形。
  這類名詞常見的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提議),order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推薦),plan,resolution(決議), idea等。
  eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion (should)be put off.
  V.虛擬語氣用在表語從句中
  某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時,表語從句需用虛擬語氣,其表達形式為(should)+動詞原形。
  這類名詞常見的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
  eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should) present the prizes.
  VI.虛擬語氣用在定語從句中
  It is (about/high) time+that sb.did sth./should do sth..
   eg.Don’t you think it’s about time we went home?
  注意:在this is the first time/second time that…句型中,從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態。
  eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?
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