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  • 國產雷帕霉素與依維莫司或佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架治療冠狀動脈左主干開口及體部病變效果比較

國產雷帕霉素與依維莫司或佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架治療冠狀動脈左主干開口及體部病變效果比較

來源:用戶上傳      作者:

  [摘要]目的 比較國產雷帕霉素與依維莫司或佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架治療冠狀動脈左主干開口及體部病變的效果。方法 選取本院2014年5月~2015年12月收治的44例冠狀動脈左主干開口及體部病變行藥物洗脫支架介入治療的患者作為研究對象,按支架的類型分為國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架組(雷帕霉素支架組,FIREWARK、NANO)16例和依維莫司或佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架組(依維莫司、佐他莫司支架組,Promus element、Xince V、Resolute)28例并隨訪觀察。對比兩組的心因性死亡(無明確的其他原因的死亡)情況,靶血管血運重建的事件發生率。結果 所有患者平均隨訪33個月,雷帕霉素支架組的事件發生率為6.25%,依維莫司、佐他莫司支架組的事件發生率為7.14%,兩組的事件發生率比較,差異無統計學意義(χ2=0.01,P=0.922)。結論 國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架治療左主干開口及體部病變的效果不劣于依維莫司或佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架。
  [關鍵詞]經皮冠狀動脈介入;雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架;依維莫司及佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架;冠狀動脈左主干開口及體部病變
  [中圖分類號] R543.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)5(c)-0051-04
  [Abstract] Objective To compare the effect of domestic Rapamycin and Ivermus or Zotamos drug-eluting stents in the treatment of left main coronary artery opening and body lesions. Methods All of 44 patients with left main coronary artery ostium and body lesions treated with drug-eluting stent in our hospital from May 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the study subjects, according to the type of stents, they were divided into domestic Rapamycin drug-eluting stents group (Rapamycin stent group, FIREWARK, NANO, n=16) and Ivermus or Zotamos drug-eluting stents group (Ivermus, Zotamos stent group, n=28) and patients were followed-up and observed. The incidence of cardiogenic death (death without definite other causes) and target vessel revascularization were compared between the two groups. Results All patients were followed up for an average of 33 months. The incidence of events was 6.25% in Rapamycin stent group and 7.14% in Everolimus and Zotamos stent group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of events between the two groups (χ2=0.010, P=0.922). Conclusion The effect of domestic Rapamycin drug-eluting stents in the treatment of left main opening and body lesions is not inferior to that of Ivermus or Zotamos drug-eluting stents.
  [Key words] Percutaneous coronary intervention;Rapamycin drug-eluting stents; Ivermus or Zotamos drug-eluting stents; Left main coronary artery opening and body lesions
  冠狀動脈旁路移植術(coronary artery bypass graft,CABG)一直以來是治療冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病左主干病變的首選方法[1-4],隨著醫療器械的進步,以及術者技術和對病變認識的不斷提高,越來越多的左主干病變患者進行了經皮冠狀動脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)。目前,隨機對照臨床研究顯示,藥物洗脫支架在經選擇的無保護左主干患者中的療效不劣于CABG。相關指南對無保護左主干介入治療進行推薦:根據Syntax評分,低危為Ⅰ類推薦,中危為Ⅱa類推薦,高危為Ⅲ類推薦[5]。近期的左主干介入治療的臨床試驗主要應用新一代的藥物洗脫支架,包括依維莫司及佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架。而國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架也被廣泛應用于臨床,其安全性及有效性已經得到證實[6],但目前仍缺乏在低危無保護左主干病變治療中的相關臨床證據。因此,本研究擬通過回顧性分析我院左主干開口及體部病變經冠脈介入治療的患者,評價國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架在此類病變中的臨床效果。
  1資料與方法
  1.1一般資料   收集2014年5月~2015年12月于本院住院的左主干開口及體部病變且行藥物洗脫支架介入治療的患者,按照不同支架種類分為國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架組(雷帕霉素支架組,FIREWARK、NANO)和依維莫司或佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架組(依維莫司、佐他莫司支架組,Promus element、Xince V、Resolute)并隨訪觀察。所有研究對象知情同意手術并簽署知情同意書。本研究已經我院醫學倫理委員會批準。納入標準:介入指征顯示左主干直徑狹窄>70%,或50%<直徑狹窄<70%且有臨床缺血的證據。排除標準:既往接受過左主干介入治療的患者,或急性STEMI行急診介入治療的患者。本研究共納入44例患者,雷帕霉素支架組16例,依維莫司、佐他莫司組28例。其中,雷帕霉素支架組:平均年齡為(69.4±8.9)歲;男女比例為12∶4;伴有高血壓疾病者10例,糖尿病疾病者7例,既往有過PCI術史者3例;肌酐值為(102.04±58.05)μmol/L,左室射血分數為(54.4±5.46)%;有多支病變者15例。依維莫司、佐他莫司組患者的平均年齡為(65.5±11.3)歲,男女比例為23∶5,伴有高血壓疾病者20例,糖尿病疾病者7例,既往有過PCI術史者5例;肌酐值為(85.99±23.98)μmol/L,左室射血分數為(56.6±4.02)%;有多支病變者26例。兩組患者的性別、年齡,既往病史(高血壓、糖尿病、既往PCI史)腎功能及多支病變所占比例比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
  1.2手術過程
  兩組患者術前均常規服用阿司匹林100 mg/d,氯吡格雷75 mg/d或替格瑞洛180 mg/d。如果術前服用氯吡格雷<4 d者,則追加負荷劑量300 mg/d。實施手術時,首先穿刺血管使導管在血管中前行,到達冠狀動脈開口處,然后用特殊的傳送系統將支架輸送到需要安放的部位進行放置、最后撤出導管。圍術期抗凝:兩組患者術中應用普通肝素100 U/kg進行抗凝,術后是否需要應用GPⅡb/Ⅲa受體拮抗劑及肝素則由術者決定。其中,雷帕霉素、依維莫司或佐他莫司涂層支架的選擇由術者及家屬共同決定。所有患者術后氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛至少應用1年,阿司匹林如無禁忌需長期應用。
  1.3觀察指標及評價標準
  術后通過電話隨訪或門診隨訪獲得隨訪數據,并建議術后1年復查冠脈造影。分別比較兩組患者發生的心因性死亡(無明確的其他原因的死亡)情況和血運重建率。
  1.4統計學方法
  采用SPSS 22.0軟件分析數據,計量資料以均數±平均差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗;計數資料以百分率表示,采用Kaplan-meier方法繪制累計事件曲線,Long-rank檢驗兩組間的事件發生率,以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
  2結果
  所有患者平均隨訪33個月[四分位距(IQR,interquartile range):24.5~38.5個月]。在隨訪期間,雷帕霉素組有1例患者在術后8個月時失訪,1例在術后12個月時死亡,事件發生率為6.25%;依維莫司、佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架組1例患者在1月時失訪,1例在術后6個月死亡,1例在術后24個月進行靶血管血運重建,事件發生率為7.14%。經統計學分析,Log-rank檢驗對兩組事件發生率進行檢驗,兩組的事件發生率比較,差異無統計學意義(χ2=0.01,P=0.922)(表1、圖1)。
  3討論
  本研究顯示,國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架治療低危的無保護左主干病變安全可行,平均隨訪33個月時事件發生率為6.25%,低于Guo等[7]報道的約10%的主要心血管不良事件發生率,這可能與本研究事件未包括卒中因素有關。對于左主干病變,CABG治療效果優于藥物治療,指南的推薦為Ⅰ類推薦[8]。近期1項研究顯示,采用新一代的藥物洗脫支架治療經選擇的無保護左主干病變(Syntax評分<32分)中除發生較高的血運重建率之外,長期效果與CABG類似[9],且PCI治療左主干開口及體部病變,較治療左主干分叉病變有較好的臨床效果[10-11],其目前指南推薦為Ⅰ類[5]或Ⅱa類[12]。
  本研究結果顯示,國產雷帕霉素藥物涂層支架在治療左主干開口及體部病變效果不劣于依維莫司及佐他莫司藥物涂層支架。近期也有研究對比了不同藥物涂層支架治療冠心病的效果,但結果并不一致。Kandzari 等[13]對比了佐他莫司和雷帕霉素藥物涂層支架的5年隨訪結果,顯示靶病變與靶血管血運重建,以及支架內血栓發生率相似。Wijns等[14]研究佐他莫司和雷帕霉素藥物涂層支架4年隨訪結果,結果顯示在隨訪3年時,已明確或可能的支架內血栓,但死亡及心肌梗死的復合終點無差異;4年隨訪時,依維莫司或佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架的主要終點事件發生率為1.6%,低于雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架的2.6%[HR=0.63,95%CI:0.46~0.85,P=0.003]。Fan等[15]納入7個對照研究共5983例的薈萃分析顯示,在12個月隨訪時與雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架比較,佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架顯著減少主要心血管不良事件和靶病變重建,靶血管重建和支架內血栓以及心因性死亡無明顯差別。
  國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架是新一代的鈷鉻合金可降解多聚物支架,不僅采用了聚丙交酯作為多聚物,其在結構上也做了大量改進。如在支架梁的管壁側雕刻深約30 μm的溝槽,包含有抗增殖藥物的多聚物填充溝槽,于9個月左右聚合物就可完全降解[16]。在臨床應用方面,TARGET Ⅰ研究[17]顯示,在治療冠心病原發病變中,9個月隨訪時支架內晚期管腔丟失率不劣于依維莫司藥物洗脫支架;TARGET 5年隨訪研究[17]顯示,在治療中等復雜的冠心病原位病變時,與依維莫司藥物洗脫支架相比,雷帕霉素藥物涂層支架具有更加持久的安全性和有效性。而且,其5年的靶病變重建率無明顯差異,這也為新一代國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架在治療冠脈簡單病變和中等復雜病變中提供了理論依據及數據支持。   綜上所述,PCI治療Syntax評分低危的無保護左主干開口及體部病變已經得到相關指南的推薦,且國產雷帕霉素藥物洗脫支架在此類病變中的治療效果不劣于依維莫司及佐他莫司藥物洗脫支架。
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