低濃度對比劑在低kV掃描模式下兔肝臟雙期CT成像研究
來源:用戶上傳
作者:
[摘要] 目的 探討低濃度對比劑在低kV掃描模式下兔肝臟雙期CT增強成像的可行性。 方法 選取家兔14只(3.5~4.0月齡,體重2.0~2.5 kg),并根據掃描模式將其分為A、B、C組,其管電壓分別為120、100、80 kV,對比劑濃度A組為350 mgI/mL,B、C組為270 mgI/mL,所有研究對象均按A~C組的掃描條件進行肝臟CT雙期增強掃描,分別測量肝門水平門靜脈、腹主動脈、腹壁肌肉及肝實質的CT值和噪聲,計算對比噪聲比(CNR)及信噪比(SNR)。由2名有經驗的放射科醫生對所有圖像進行主觀評分。 結果 三組有效輻射劑量比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。動脈期三組腹主動脈CT值、CNR、SNR及肝實質CT值、CNR比較,差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05);而三組肝實質SNR、噪聲比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05),且C組噪聲大于A、B組;B、C組腹主動脈CT值比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05);兩兩組間噪聲比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。門靜脈期三組肝實質CT值及腹主動脈、門靜脈、肝實質CNR、SNR及噪聲比較,差異均無統計學意義(P > 0.05);三組門靜脈及腹主動脈CT值比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05);A、B組門靜脈CT值分別與C組比較,C組高于A、B組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05);B組腹主動脈CT值高于A組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。動脈期三組對比度、噪聲、銳利度、整體等的主觀評分比較,差異均無統計學意義(P > 0.05),但其中A組對比度、噪聲評價高于C組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。門靜脈期三組對比度、噪聲、銳利度、整體等的主觀評分比較及兩兩組間比較,差異均無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。 結論 低濃度對比劑結合低kV掃描可以降低有效輻射劑量,升高血管CT值,結合ASIR重建技術,還能提高圖像質量,滿足診斷需求,為臨床肝臟增強掃描提供理論依據。
[關鍵詞] 低濃度對比劑;肝臟;體層攝影術;家兔
[中圖分類號] R816.5 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)05(a)-0147-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the feasibility of dual-phase CT enhanced imaging of rabbit liver in low-kV scan mode with low concentration contrast agent. Methods Fourteen rabbits (3.5-4.0 months age, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg) were selected and divided into groups A, B and C according to the scanning mode, and the tube voltages were 120, 100 and 80 kV, respectively, the contrast medium concentration was 350 mgI/mL in group A and 270 mgI/mL in group B and C. All subjects underwent dual-phase enhanced CT scanning according to the scanning conditions of group A-C. The CT value and noise of portal vein, abdominal aorta, abdominal wall muscle and liver parenchyma were measured, and the contrast noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were calculated. All images were subjectively scored by two experienced radiologists. Results There was significant difference in effective radiation dose among the three groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in abdominal aorta CT value, CNR, SNR, hepatic parenchyma CT value and CNR between the three groups during arterial phase (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference in hepatic parenchyma SNR and noise between the three groups (P < 0.05), and the noise in group C was higher than that in group A and B; the difference in abdominal aorta CT value between group B and C was significant (P < 0.05); there was a systematic difference in noise between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CT value of hepatic parenchyma and CNR, SNR and noise of abdominal aorta, portal vein and hepatic parenchyma among the three groups during portal vein phase (P > 0.05); there was significant difference in CT value of portal vein and abdominal aorta among the three groups (P < 0.05); CT values of portal vein in group A and B were compared with group C, group C was higher than group A and group B, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); group B had higher CT value of abdominal aorta compared with group A, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the subjective scores of contrast, noise, sharpness and overall in the three groups (P > 0.05), but the contrast and noise of group A was higher than that of group C, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the subjective scores of contrast, noise, sharpness, and overall between the three groups in the portal vein phase, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Low-concentration contrast agent combined with low-kV scanning can reduce the effective radiation dose, increase the vascular CT value, combined with ASIR reconstruction technology, can improve the image quality, meet the diagnostic needs, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical liver enhancement scanning. [Key words] Low-concentration contrast agent; Liver; CT; Rabbits
增強CT檢查所帶來的輻射劑量、腎臟損傷的潛在風險被越來越多的報道[1-6]。在不影響診斷的基礎上,合理降低輻射劑量和造影劑的劑量(“雙低技術”)已成為越來越多學者研究的熱點。當前的“雙低”研究多集中在能譜及血管成像[7-10],但尚無基礎實驗對整個掃描技術進行規范,其合理性缺乏相關研究。本研究采用不同掃描計劃對兔行肝臟雙期掃描,探討低濃度造影劑及低輻射劑量對肝臟雙期增強掃描的效果。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
家兔14只,3.5~4.0月齡,2.0~2.5kg,雌性6只,雄性8只,由哈爾濱醫科大學附屬第一醫院(以下簡稱“我院”)動物實驗中心提供(實驗動物合格證號:SYXK(黑)2011-006),經過我院動物倫理委員會批準。
1.2 掃描模式
按管電壓及對比劑濃度分為A、B、C組,所有家兔均實行A~C組掃描計劃,每組掃描間隔時間為1周。A、B、C組管電壓分別為120、100、80 kV,對比劑濃度A組為碘比醇350 mgI/mL,B、C組為碘克沙醇270 mgI/mL。管電流均為85 mAs。B、C兩組增加30%ASIR重建[11]。
1.3 CT掃描
掃描機器為GE Discovery CT 750HD,Ulrich雙筒高壓注射器(德國)注射,對比劑劑量1.0 mL/kg,流速0.3 mL/s[12],追加5 mL生理鹽水。實行雙期掃描,動脈期延遲時間為13 s,門靜脈期延遲時間為27 s,掃描范圍包括全肝,準直器寬度40 mm,螺距0.985∶1,掃描層厚5 mm。所有數據傳至AW4.5工作站進行分析。
1.4 有效輻射劑量的計算
有效輻射劑量=劑量長度乘積(DLP)×轉換系數(k),腹部k=0.015。
1.5 圖像質量評價
1.5.1 客觀評價 將感興趣區(ROI)置于肝門水平,測量腹主動脈、門靜脈主干、肝實質及腹壁肌肉的CT值和噪聲,ROI大小為3 mm2,測量3次,取平均值。計算噪聲比(CNR)、信噪比(SNR),CNR=(感興趣區CT值-對比組織CT值)/肌肉噪聲,SNR=感興趣區CT值/肌肉噪聲[13]。
1.5.2 主觀評價 由2名有經驗的放射診斷醫師對圖像進行綜合評價,觀察圖像對比度、整體、噪聲及銳利度[14]。對比度、整體及銳利度評分1~4分標準分別為:不能接受;可以接受;好;非常好。噪聲評分1~4分標準分別為:存在噪聲不能診斷;存在噪聲影響診斷;存在噪聲不影響診斷;很少或沒有噪聲。
1.6 統計學方法
采用SPSS 13.0統計學軟件進行數據分析,計量資料用均數±標準差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩組間比較采用t檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 三組CT掃描有效輻射劑量比較
三組有效輻射劑量總體比較及組間兩兩比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05),其中C組有效輻射劑量較A組減少約66.7%。見表1。
2.2 三組動脈期相關指標比較
動脈期三組腹主動脈CT值、CNR、SNR及肝實質CT值、CNR比較,差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05),而三組肝實質SNR、噪聲比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05),且C組噪聲大于A、B組。B、C組腹主動脈CT值比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。兩組噪聲比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 三組門靜脈期相關指標比較
門靜脈期三組肝實質CT值及腹主動脈、門靜脈、肝實質CNR、SNR及噪聲比較,差異均無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。三組期門靜脈及腹主動脈CT值比較,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05);A、B組門靜脈CT值分別與C組比較,C組高于A、B組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05);B組腹主動脈CT值高于A組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 三組主觀評分比較
動脈期三組對比度、噪聲、銳利度、整體等主觀評分比較,差異均無統計學意義(P > 0.05),但其中A組對比度、噪聲評價高于C組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。門靜脈期三組對比度、噪聲、銳利度、整體等主觀評分總體比較及組間兩兩比較,差異均無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。見表4、圖1。
3 討論
如何合理降低輻射劑量及對比劑腎損害是學者近來研究的熱點。諸多研究[15-18]表明,等滲對比劑腎毒性小,碘克沙醇使用后不良反應較其他對比劑輕微。本研究采用動物實驗作為一個研究的先期工作,不斷嘗試不同的掃描模式及對比劑濃度,尋找一個最佳的配合,為今后開展臨床工作提供理論依據。本研究雙期延遲時間為先期預實驗所得,以兔肝臟CT灌注掃描得出的腹主動脈及門靜脈的時間峰值作為延遲時間。所有實驗兔均行三組掃描計劃,且分別間隔1周進行,可保證對比劑充分排除,實驗兔自身對比能排除個體差異,減少偏倚,對比性強。
本研究采用降低kV值來實現降低輻射劑量,C組較A組輻射劑量減少66.7%。動脈期A、B兩組腹主動脈CT值比較,差異無統計學意義,提示低kV及低對比劑濃度可以升高血管CT值,達到高kV、高對比劑濃度的水平;B、C組腹主動脈CT值比較,差異有統計學意義,提示相同對比劑濃度,降低kV值,可提高血管CT值。三組肝實質在動脈期的CT值比較,無統計學意義,提示動脈期肝臟尚無明顯強化時,kV及對比劑濃度對動脈期肝實質密度的影響是無差異的,間接提示若肝臟存在動脈供血的病灶,則會出現較高密度的強化,這對提高病灶的檢出具有指導意義。 降低kV會導致增加噪聲,圖像質量下降,因此B、C兩組在降低kV的同時增加30%的ASIR重建,圖像質量得到明顯提高。但動脈期A、C組噪聲及SNR以及主觀評分的對比度及噪聲仍存在差異。因此,隨著kV的不斷降低,超低kV圖像應增加更高級別的>30%的ASIR重建才能達到高kV的圖像質量水平。
門靜脈血管掃描技術尤其是能譜掃描一直是臨床研究的熱點[19-20],靜脈成像因二次循環到靜脈,故其CT值較低,難以達到三維成像。提高靜脈的CT值,合理降低對比劑用量,保證靜脈血管成像的圖像質量,一直是學者關心的問題。本研究門靜脈期的結果提示低kV及低對比劑濃度會增加門靜脈CT值,這也為“雙低技術”靜脈CT血管成像掃描提供了理論依據。雖然低kV會增加圖像噪聲,但門靜脈期由于肝實質明顯強化,提高了圖像對比度,因此不會導致圖像質量下降,本研究主觀及客觀評分結果也證實了這一點。
綜上所述,單純降低對比劑濃度采用常規kV掃描會造成強化不足,影響診斷,采用低kV、低對比劑濃度掃描,結合自適應統計迭代重建后,不僅可以減少CT掃描的風險及腎毒性,還能達到常規掃描的圖像質量,提高血管CT值,達到診斷的目的。
本實驗也存在不足:本研究僅限于正常家兔的增強掃描研究,今后將增加樣本進行疾病的增強特點及檢出率的研究;臨床工作中患者個體差異較大,標準化的“雙低”掃描方案運用于臨床,需進行大樣本的臨床實驗。
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?。ㄊ崭迦掌冢?019-01-03 本文編輯:王 蕾)
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